Glossary

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There are 18 names in this directory beginning with the letter G.
Gale
Sustained wind speeds from 34 to 47 knots (39 to 54 mph).

Gale Warning
A marine weather warning for gale force winds from a non tropical system.

Geostationary Satellite
A satellite positioned over the equator that rotates at the same rate as the earth, remaining over the same spot.

Glaciation
The transformation of cloud particles from water droplets to ice crystals. Thus, a cumulonimbus cloud is said to have a "glaciated" upper portion.

Glaze
A layer or coating of ice that is generally smooth and clear, and forms on exposed objects by the freezing of liquid raindrops.

Global warming
A theory that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases are causing an elevation in the Earth's surface temperature.

GOES
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GOES-8
One of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites. They are owned and run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), while NASA designs and launches them.

Gradient
The time rate or spatial rate of change of an atmospheric property.

Graupel
Small pellets of ice created when supercooled water droplets coat, or rime, a snowflake. The pellets are cloudy or white, not clear like sleet, and often are mistaken for hail.

Gravity Wave
A wave disturbance in which buoyancy acts as the restoring force on parcels displaced from hydrostatic equilibrium. Waves on the ocean are examples of gravity waves.

Greenhouse Effect
The warming of the atmosphere by the trapping of longwave radiation (heat) being radiated to space. The gases most responsible for this effect are water vapor and carbon dioxide.

Ground Fog
Shallow fog (less than twenty feet deep) produced over the land by the cooling of the lower atmosphere as it comes in contact with the ground. Also known as radiation fog.

Growing Degree Day
A form of degree day to estimate the approximate dates when a crop will be ready to harvest. one growing degree day occurs when the daily mean temperature is one degree above the minimum temperature required for the growth of that specific crop.

Growing Season
The period of time between the last killing frost of spring and the first killing frost of autumn.

Gust
A brief sudden increase in wind speed. Generally the duration is less than 20 seconds and the fluctuation greater than 10 mph.

Gust Front
The leading edge of the downdraft from a thunderstorm. A gust front may precede the thunderstorm by several minutes and have winds that can easily exceed 80 mph.

Gustnado (or Gustinado)
Gust front tornado. A small tornado, usually weak and short- lived, that occurs along the gust front of a thunderstorm. Often it is visible only as a debris cloud or dust whirl near the ground.


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Note:
Compiled from several sources terms, used by meteorologists, forecasters, weather observers, and in weather forecasts.